Spectroscopy
The apparatus uses CCD imaging instead of photographic silver halide films. It has become difficult to carry out silver halide film based spectroscopic experiments in class rooms due to the unavailability of consumables and hurdles in its processing. CCD imaging of the spectrum is a timely solution. Data acquisition is easy and fast. As most of the commercial spectroscopes are based on digital imaging, students get an exposure to the latest trends in spectroscopy.
Mercury is used as a standard element in most cases. Knowing the wavelength, corresponding to different spectral lines, elements can be judged. Hartmann's method is employed to determine the unknown wavelength.
If a transparent substance is placed between a continuous source and a spectrometer, the substance absorbs a certain part of the spectrum. Hence in the continuous spectrum of the source, a few dark lines or bands appear. This spectrum is called absorption spectrum of the substance. This method is useful for manufacturing as well as for academic experiments. Constant Deviation Spectrometer (Model No: HO-ED-S-0203) can be used for the study of spectral series viz. emission spectra of elements, absorption spectra of compounds, quantitative spectrum analysis etc.
When a substance is heated, electrons first absorb energy, go to a higher energy level and eventually fall to a lower level, by emitting photons. Every element emits a characteristic spectrum of its own. There are certain important and prominent spectral lines associated with each element. These lines are used to distinguish one element from another. In the experiment to determine an element, spectrum of standard known source is pictured first.
Experiment
To measure the wavelength of absorption bands of KMnO4 and calculate it’s Hartmann's constant.
The positions of spectral lines are usually measured in the direction of increasing wavelength. The constant d depends on scale setting, C on the range of spectrum and is a constant for the instrument. To determine these constant, we take three prominent lines of standard spectrum and equations are,
A = (λ2 – λ1) / (λ3 – λ1)
B = (d2 – d1) / (d3 – d1)
C = [ (λ2- λ1) (d0 – d1) (d0 – 2) ] / (d2 - d1)
d0 = (B d3 - A d2) / (B - A)
λ0 = (Aλ3 - B λ2) / (A- B)
Where, A, B, C, λ0, d0 are called Hartmann’s constants.
Using these Hartmann’s constants, we can calculate the absorption band wavelength as
λ = λ0 + [C / (d0 - d)]
To find wavelength of prominent lines of the emission spectra of copper, iron and brass.
The wave length of the corresponding lines of the arc spectrum can be calculated using the equation;
λ = λ0 + [C / (d0 - d)]
Scope of Supply
Model No: ED-S-0203-CDS
Quantity : 1 no.
(Specification is as per above)
Model No: ED-S-0203-MAS
Substance Holder : Ceramic
Arc Cavity : 0 - 25 mm
Quantity : 1 no.
Model No: ED-S-0203-CIBR
Length : 55 mm
Diameter : 8 mm
Quantity : 1 no.
Model No: ED-S-0203-MAPS
Input : 230V, 50 Hz
Output : 0 - 100V, 0 - 10A
Quantity : 1 no.
Model No: ED-S-0203-MLPS
Input : 230V, 50 Hz
Output : 4KV, 30mA
Quantity : 1 no.
Model No: ED-S-0203-IL
Input : 230V, 50 Hz
Output : 25 Watts
Quantity : 1 no.
Model No: ED-S-0203-CCDC
Resolution : Selectable (320 - 1280 pixels)
Connectivity : USB 2.0
Quantity : 1 no.
User Manual
Cuvette
KMnO4 Powder
Grinding File
Software CD
Net Book (Optional)
Established in 1993, Holmarc Opto-Mechatronics Ltd manufactures variety of scientific and engineering instruments for research, industry and education.
ISO 9001:2015 Made in INDIA
Navigation
Get in Touch
B.7., H.M.T. Industrial Estate
H.M.T. P.O, Kalamassery, Kochi
Kerala, India - 683 503
+91 81369 44434
sales@holmarc.com
Mon - Sat : 9 am to 5 pm